# BPC-157: The Human-Pilot Evidence and the Animal-Recovery Record > BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid gastric pentadecapeptide studied across rodent recovery models, with three small human pilots so far. A cited research console, read tier by tier. A 15-amino-acid gastric pentadecapeptide with a two-tier record — three small human pilots on top, a deep rodent recovery and mechanism literature underneath. Every figure on this console traces to a study. ## What BPC-157 is, on one screen BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide — sequence `Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val`, molecular weight `1419.53 Da`, `CAS 137525-51-0` — derived from a partial sequence of a protein found in human gastric juice. Its authors call it a "stable gastric pentadecapeptide" because it is reported stable in gastric juice. It is not a naturally circulating hormone, and it is not an FDA-approved drug. The honest BPC-157 record reads in two tiers. The top tier is thin: as of 2025 reviews, only three small human pilot studies exist [6]. The lower tier is deep: dozens of rodent and in-vitro studies describe accelerated tissue repair and a consistent angiogenic mechanism. This site keeps those tiers visibly separate, because a rat result is not human evidence — and most of what gets repeated online collapses the two. What the animal work most consistently shows is repair through new blood-vessel growth. In a fully transected rat Achilles tendon, BPC-157 improved biomechanical and functional recovery and restored tendon integrity versus untreated controls [1]. In gastric-ulcer models it reduced ulcer area, with an inhibition ratio of 45.7-65.6% at the higher doses tested [4]. The proposed engine is the [mechanism of action](/research): up-regulation and internalization of the VEGFR2 receptor with downstream Akt-eNOS (nitric-oxide) signaling [3]. ## BPC-157 Peptide: Identity and Sequence The BPC-157 peptide is a pentadecapeptide — fifteen amino acids, no more — assembled as `GEPPPGKPADDAGLV` (`Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val`) with molecular formula `C62H98N16O22` and `PubChem CID 108101` [2]. It is frequently supplied as the acetate salt. In the historical industrial development program it carried the designations PL-10, PLD-116, and PL 14736, under which it entered early inflammatory-bowel-disease trials [6]. Unlike a growth hormone or a peptide hormone, BPC-157 has no endogenous circulating pool; it is a synthetic stable fragment of a larger gastric-juice protein. That distinction matters for reading the literature: the peptide is studied as a cytoprotective agent — protecting and helping rebuild tissue — rather than as a replacement for any hormone the body already makes. ## What does BPC-157 do in the body? In animal models BPC-157 is described as a cytoprotective peptide that promotes tissue repair largely through angiogenesis — the growth of new blood vessels. The best-characterized pathway is VEGFR2 up-regulation and internalization, feeding into Akt and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling [3]. In ischemic rat muscle this is associated with faster blood-flow recovery, and the effect is blocked when receptor internalization is inhibited [3]. Reported secondary routes include the FAK-paxillin pathway and growth-hormone-receptor sensitization in tendon fibroblasts. ## Where the evidence is thin, and where it is not The reproducibility across rodent recovery models is itself a finding — tendon, gut, vasculature, the same direction of effect across many studies [1][3][4]. The limits are equally clear. Much of the foundational work comes from a single research group, which newer authors explicitly flag as a replication question [6]. There is no large, controlled human efficacy trial of BPC-157 in any indication. The first-in-human intravenous safety pilot enrolled two adults [5]. For the structured version of all of this — the [BPC-157 recovery research](/recovery-research) page with its three [human pilot studies](/recovery-research) and [tendon healing studies](/recovery-research), the [research dosing](/dosage) context, and the [BPC-157 legal status](/legal-status) — use the console pages. The [frequently asked questions](/faq) page answers the twenty-five questions people most often ask, and every quantitative claim resolves to the [references and citations](/references). --- A two-tier readout of the BPC-157 record — the human pilots logged above the animal evidence, sourced line by line, with no clinic behind the console and nothing here for sale.