# BPC-157 References: The Cited Studies and FDA Sources

> The BPC-157 references behind this console: peer-reviewed studies with DOIs and PubMed IDs, the human pilots, the foundational rodent work, and the FDA 503A compounding sources.

Every quantitative claim on this console resolves here. The BPC-157 references below carry DOIs, PubMed IDs, and the FDA sources behind the regulatory page.

## How to read this register

These are the BPC-157 references cited across the console, numbered to match the inline markers on every page. The first block is the peer-reviewed scientific literature — the foundational rodent tissue-repair work, the pharmacokinetics, the mechanism studies, the three human pilots, and the recent 2024-2026 reviews and organ-protection studies. The second block is the FDA regulatory sources behind the [BPC-157 legal status](/legal-status) page. Each scientific entry lists its journal, year, and a PubMed or DOI link so any claim can be checked at source.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36588717/
[3] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[4] Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[5] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[6] McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[7] Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/
[8] Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325560/
[9] Klicek R, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, in clinical trials as a therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (PL14736), is effective in the healing of colocutaneous fistulas in rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008;108(1):7-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18818478/
[10] Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599743/
[11] Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/
[12] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Effect Following Intoxications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(6):928. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/
[13] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[14] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (BPC-157 entry, effective 2023-09-29). FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[15] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance finalized January 2025). FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/interim-policy-compounding-using-bulk-drug-substances-under-section-503a-federal-food-drug-and
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157 listed as a substance being considered for the 503A Bulks List). FDA.gov (verified 2026-05-29). https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026

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A two-tier readout of the BPC-157 record — the human pilots logged above the animal evidence, sourced line by line, with no clinic behind the console and nothing here for sale.